The World Health Organization (WHO) called on Monday for a rapid increase in production of dexamethasone, a cheap steroid which has been shown to reduce deaths in critically ill coronavirus patients.

Dexamethasone has been available for over 60 years and usually serves to reduce inflammation. The WHO emphasises that dexamethasone should only be used for patients with severe or critical disease under close clinical supervision.

WHO chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus expressed confidence that the production  of the drug could be ramped up as its demand had already surged after a British trial of the drug was publicised.

Researchers led by a team from Oxford University gave the drug to some 2,000 patients and it reduced deaths by 35 percent among the most sickly, according to findings published last week.

Tedros at a virual news conference in Geneva said, “Although the data are still preliminary, the recent finding that the steroid dexamethasone has life-saving potential for critically ill COVID-19 patients gave us a much-needed reason to celebrate.”

“The next challenge is to increase production and rapidly and equitably distribute dexamethasone worldwide, focusing on where it is needed most.”

“There is no evidence that the drug works for patients with mild disease or as a preventative measure, and it could cause harm,” Tedros warned.

The UN health agency chief insisted that countries with large numbers of critically ill coronavirus patients needed to be prioritised.

But Tedros warned that suppliers had to guarantee quality “as there is a high risk of substandard or falsified products entering the market”.

The number of confirmed coronavirus cases worldwide has topped nine million and killed more than than 468,500 people since the outbreak began in China last December, reported news agency AFP.

“Almost every day we reach a new and grim record,” said Tedros, noting that more than 183,000 new cases were reported to the WHO on Sunday, easily the most in a single day so far.

“Some countries were witnessing a rapid increase in cases and deaths,” he said, while others that had successfully suppressed transmission were now seeing an upswing in cases as they reopened their societies and economies, he added.

After the initial outbreak in China, the epicentre of the virus has moved from East Asia to Europe and now to the Americas.

But its presence in Europe seems to go back much earlier than previously thought, with a study showing that fragments of the new coronavirus was in the wastewater in Milan and Turin back in December.

“Clearly there is a chance that this virus was circulating in northern Italy obviously before anyone had realised that it had been,” said WHO emergencies director Michael Ryan.

Though, Rayan added, “I don’t think that, at this point, it changes the hypothesis of disease origin.”

Scientists believe the virus originally jumped from animals to humans, with the focus on a market that sells exotic animals for meat in the Chinese city of Wuhan.

Maria Van Kerkhove, the WHO’s technical lead on COVID-19, said studies in northern Europe seemed to show that humans had been infected by mink.

Dutch authorities reported two possible cases in May where humans were believed to have caught the virus from the animals, which are farmed for their fur.

“There are some minks that have been found positive in the Netherlands and in Denmark,” said Van Kerkhove.

“What we understand from these investigations, which are currently ongoing, is that there were… people who infected the mink — and in turn, some of these minks infected some people.

“It is very limited in terms of the transmission that is happening.”