The coronavirus outbreak can become a major global mental health crisis, the United Nations warned on Thursday, calling for urgent action to address the psychological suffering brought on by the pandemic. While protecting physical health has been the main concern during the first months of the crisis, it is also placing huge mental strains on large swathes of the global population under lockdown, the UN said in policy brief.

“After decades of neglect and under-investment in mental health services, the COVID-19 pandemic is now hitting families and communities with additional mental stress,” UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres warned in a video message launching the brief.

“Even when the pandemic is brought under control, grief, anxiety and depression will continue to affect people and communities,” he said.

#COVID19 is not only attacking our physical health; it is also increasing psychological suffering.

Mental health services are an essential part of all government responses to #coronavirus.

They must be expanded and fully funded.https://t.co/AOoxqkMJBb pic.twitter.com/j0KpYfPNkF

— António Guterres (@antonioguterres) May 14, 2020

The UN brief highlighted the mental strains on people fearing that they or their loved ones will be infected or die from the novel coronavirus, which has killed nearly 300,000 people worldwide since it first emerged in China late last year.

It also pointed to the psychological impact on vast numbers of people who have lost or are at risk of losing their livelihoods, have been separated from loved ones or have suffered under drastic lockdown orders.

Those most at risk are frontline healthcare workers, older people, adolescents and young people, those with pre-existing mental health conditions and those caught up in conflict and crisis.

We must help them and stand by them, said Secretary General Antonio Guterres. “I urge governments, civil society, health authorities and others to come together urgently to address the mental health dimension of this pandemic.”

A whole host of other groups also face particular psychological challenges brought on by the crisis.

Children being kept out of school, for instance, face uncertainty and anxiety.

Along with women, they also face a heightened risk of domestic abuse as people spend lengthy amounts of time cooped up at home. The elderly and people with pre-existing conditions, who are considered particularly at risk from the virus, meanwhile face increased stress over the threat of infection.

And people with pre-existing psychological issues could see them exacerbated, while accessing their usual treatment and face-to-face therapy may no longer be possible.

Thursday’s policy brief pointed to a range of national studies indicating that mental distress is mounting rapidly.

One study conducted in the Amhara region of Ethiopia showed that 33 percent of the population were suffering from depression-linked symptoms — “a three-fold increase” from before the pandemic.

The UN brief stressed the need for countries to include access to psychosocial support and emergency mental care in all aspects of their response to the pandemic.

It called for a significant hike in investments in this area, pointing out that before the crisis, countries on average dedicated only two percent of their public health budgets to mental health support.

Guterres in his statement said, even when the pandemic is brought under control, grief, anxiety and depression will continue to affect people and communities. This is the background to the policy brief on COVID-19 and mental health that we are launching today.

Mental health services are an essential part of all government responses to COVID-19. They must be expanded and fully funded. Policies must support and care for those affected by mental health conditions, and protect their human rights and dignity. Lockdowns and quarantines must not discriminate against those with poor mental health.