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Pakistan

Afghan policy

India’s decision to re-engage diplomatically with the Taliban marks a significant shift in its regional approach. Following the collapse of the previous Afghan government led by President Ashraf Ghani in 2021, India faced a major setback to its two-decade-long investments in Afghanistan’s development and democratic institutions.

Shaping our world

Lack of friends at a time when India is a significant military and economic power surprises oldtime diplomats. Within living memory, the pendulum has swung from one extreme to the other; in the 1950s and 1960s when we had little to offer to the world except moral guidance, we were the undisputed leader of developing nations.

India’s changing security threats

With China, India adopted a deterrence-by-denial strategy. There were no strike elements deployed against our northern adversary. Indian thinkers believed that China could be contained by diplomacy and economic integration. Imports from China continued to rise, with it having a favourable balance of payments.

The hazards of direct intervention

The Musharraf era seems a lifetime ago, although those who are not part of Pakistan’s youth bulge remember it well and have strong opinions about it