In the vast tapestry of India’s diverse social landscape, a series of threads are being pulled, threatening to unravel the intricate fabric of its civil society. Over the past decade, a quiet but persistent targeting of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) has raised concerns about the health of India’s democracy, its commitment to pluralism, and the very foundations upon which its development initiatives are built. At the heart of this exercise is the Foreign Contribution Regulation Act (FCRA), a piece of legislation enacted during the Emergency, ostensibly to safeguard against unwarranted foreign interference. However, its implementation has taken a toll on the vibrant ecosystem of over 2,00,000 registered NGOs that contribute significantly to the nation’s development and the well-being of millions, especially those at the bottom of the socio-economic pyramid.

This crackdown has led to the closure or severe depletion of numerous charities. NGOs working on public health, education, and policy research have faced the brunt, with many losing their licenses to receive foreign donations. The impact is far-reaching, with thousands losing their jobs, essential services disrupted, and, more ominously, the stifling of voices that have historically played a crucial role in shaping the nation. The rationale behind the crackdown seems to be rooted in a fear of demographic change, with accusations of forced conversions muddying the waters. The ideological battle between a strong, centralised state-advocated and a collaborative, NGO-driven approach adds complexity to the situation.

While the government argues for efficiency and reduced overheads, critics argue that this comes at the cost of grassroots innovation, diverse perspectives, and external checks and balances. The erosion of civil society’s brainpower, exemplified by layoffs in influential think tanks, poses a significant threat to the quality of policymaking. The reduction in innovative ideas, diminished policy oversight and a potential shift towards groupthink are all consequences of this initiative targeting NGOs. Simultaneous campaigns against critics, using similar legal tools, contribute to an environment of fear and centralisation. The chilling effect on dissent and the concentration of decision-making without external input could have profound implications for India’s democratic institutions.

As the spectre of a potential third term for the ruling party looms on the horizon, there are legitimate concerns about the trajectory of civil society in the country. The repercussions extend beyond borders, impacting the global perception of India’s commitment to democratic values and pluralism. In the delicate dance between state power and civil society, the ongoing crackdown raises pivotal questions about the future of dissent, diversity, and development in the world’s largest democracy. The unravelling fabric of India’s civil society demands attention, and not just from within the nation’s borders.