The proposed merger of state-owned oil companies could reduce inefficiencies across the sector and create an entity better placed to compete globally for resources, Fitch Ratings said on Tuesday.

"However, a merger would face significant execution challenges, particularly in terms of managing the integration of employees, addressing overcapacity in the merged entity, and winning the backing for the merger from private shareholders," the rating agency said in a statement.

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More than 12 years after a proposal to merge oil PSUs was first mooted by the then Oil Minister Mani Shankar Aiyar, Finance Minister Arun Jaitley in his Budget for 2017-18 last week, proposed to "create an integrated public sector 'oil major' which will be able to match the performance of international and domestic private sector oil and gas companies." 

While most Asian countries have just one national oil company integrated across the value chain, India has 18 state-controlled oil companies. with at least six that can be considered key players – Oil India Limited, Indian Oil Corporation, Bharat Petroleum Corporation, Hindustan Petroleum Corporation and GAIL (India) and ONGC, Fitch said.

"Proposals to consolidate India's oil and gas sector have been floated before, but last week the idea was presented in a budget speech for the first time. No details have yet been provided on which companies would be involved, but the aim is to create an integrated public sector 'oil major'," it said.

A merged entity would have opportunities to save on costs and improve operational efficiency, it said adding there would be less need for multiple retail outlets in a single area.

Also, transport costs could be reduced by retailers sourcing from the nearest refinery, rather than the ones they own – as is currently the common practice. A merged entity would also be able to share expertise for exploration and acquisition of resources.

Fitch said political sensitivities are likely to limit job cuts and personnel-related issues are likely to arise from the need to manage hierarchies and potential overcapacity in the integrated entity.

Moreover, all are listed companies, with public shareholding ranging from 51-70 per cent. "That could cause some problems in obtaining approval from the 75 per cent of shareholders that is typically required to approve a merger, particularly if there are concerns over valuation," it said.

Also, there is a question of how the state will handle the likely decline in competition after a merger. Private companies are increasing their market share from a low base, but could find it even harder to compete with a single large state-controlled company, it said.

"A proposed merger of India's state-controlled oil companies could reduce inefficiencies across the sector. It would also create an entity that is better placed to compete globally for resources, and less vulnerable to shifts in oil prices. Fitch would expect the merger to give the new entity much stronger bargaining power with suppliers, and greater financial clout to secure oil resources," Fitch added.