The recent UN-led meeting in Doha marked a significant moment for international diplomacy as the Taliban participated for the first time. This event has sparked varied reactions globally, highlighting the complexities and challenges surrounding Afghanistan’s current political and economic landscape. The Taliban’s participation underscores a critical shift in the geopolitical dynamics of the region.

Despite global criticism, particularly from women’s rights activists, the inclusion of the Taliban in such a forum signals a pragmatic approach by the international community. Engaging with the Taliban, rather than isolating them, may be seen as a necessary step towards addressing the multifaceted crises in Afghanistan. India’s involvement in the meeting, marked by the attendance of senior diplomat J.P. Singh, indicates a nuanced strategy.

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India’s engagement with the Taliban, including discussions on bilateral relations and expressions of mutual gratitude, reflect recognition of the geopolitical realities. For India, maintaining a diplomatic channel with the Taliban is crucial for regional stability and for safeguarding its strategic interests, particularly in light of its historical ties with Afghanistan. External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar’s visit to Doha further underscores India’s commitment to playing an active role in regional diplomacy. By engaging with Qatar, a key player in West Asian politics, India aims to bolster its influence and ensure that its perspectives are considered in any regional developments involving Afghanistan.

The Taliban’s focus on “economic orientation” in their foreign policy highlights a shift from purely ideological pursuits to pragmatic considerations. The regime’s call for the removal of sanctions and the emphasis on infrastructure projects like the Trans-Afghan railway and the TAPI Pipeline reveal a desire to integrate Afghanistan into regional economic frameworks. These projects, if realised, could significantly enhance connectivity and economic cooperation between Central and South Asia. However, the success of these initiatives is contingent on a stable and secure environment, which remains a significant challenge given the on-going security issues in the region. The Taliban’s efforts to position themselves as a viable economic partner are complicated by their controversial governance practices and the international community’s apprehensions about their commitment to human rights and inclusive governance.

The Taliban’s engagement with other regional powers, including Uzbekistan, Russia, and Saudi Arabia, indicates a broader strategy to secure economic and political support. Saudi Arabia’s intention to reopen its embassy in Kabul and Kazakhstan’s removal of the Taliban from its list of prohibited groups suggest a gradual normalisation of relations. China’s recognition of a Taliban-appointed ambassador earlier this year further underscores this trend. Nevertheless, the international community remains divided on how to approach the Taliban. While some countries advocate conditional engagement to incentivise reforms, others remain staunchly opposed to legitimising a regime with a contentious human rights record. The path forward for Afghanistan is fraught with challenges, but constructive dialogue and pragmatic diplomacy may offer the best hope for a stable and prosperous future.