In a first, scientists have found that people with a hereditary form of schizophrenia lack a protein vital to key brain functions, an advance which may help in developing a possible future treatment of the chronic mental disorder, according to a research published today.
According to the research led by the University of Glasgow, people with a hereditary form of schizophrenia, or a subset of the general schizophrenic population, are deficient in the brain protein DISC1, an important multi-function 'scaffolding' protein vital to key brain functions.
The ground-breaking study published in Molecular Psychiatry crucially identifies a peptide that stabilises DISC1 levels, paving the way for a possible treatment for schizophrenia and related conditions.
For the first time, scientists identified the protein, FBXW7 which tags the DISC1 protein for destruction.
They discovered that by disrupting the interaction between these two proteins with and inhibitory peptide, DISC1, deficiencies could be counteracted.
“My colleagues and I decided to look specifically at the DISC1 protein. Our idea was simple: what would happen if we could simply raise the concentration of DISC1 in patients' brains?,” said lead author George Baillie, Professor of Molecular Pharmacology at the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences.
“We looked at the turnover of DISC1 in the brain and found it was rapidly made and then degraded by brain cells. We thought, if we can stop the natural destruction of DISC1, people with low levels would see it naturally increase. Using our peptide, we can now restore DISC1 concentrations in psychiatric patient derived brain cells back to the levels of control subjects,” Baillie said.
Schizophrenia affects around 1 in 100 people over the course of their life. It is present in twice as many people as Alzheimer's disease and five times as many people as Multiple Sclerosis, with an estimated cost to the economy of 6.7 billion pounds each year.
“Many patients respond inadequately or adversely to current psychiatric medications, so the development of new drugs to treat mental illness is needed, but unfortunately no substantial innovations in drug treatments for these debilitating disorders have emerged in the last 60 years. We are hopeful that our peptide can be a stepping stone toward a novel therapeutic in the future to counteract this unmet need,” Baillie said.
“As positive as our discovery is, we have some way to go between laboratory findings and the clinical application, but we are hopeful that our research is the first step on a journey towards a potential new drug treatment option for a range of psychiatric illnesses,” Baillie said.