Scientists have found that an unusual approach of removing antibodies from the blood stream could reduce chronic infections, an advance that may help humans in the fight against drug resistant superbugs.
Researchers from the University of Birmingham and Newcastle University in the UK identified two patients with bronchiectasis who suffered with chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections that were resistant to many antibiotics; a 64-year-old male, diagnosed with bronchiectasis aged fifteen, and a 69-year-old female who had bronchiectasis from childhood.
Bronchiectasis is a disease that leads to permanent enlargement of the airways in the lung and affects over 300,000 patients in the UK.
Symptoms are debilitating for patients, and typically include a chronic cough, shortness of breath, coughing up blood, and chest pain. Bronchiectasis often affects patients beyond the age at which lung transplantation is possible.
Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infections commonly occur in patients suffering from bronchiectasis.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common bacterium that can cause disease and is known as a multidrug resistant pathogen, recognised for its advanced antibiotic resistance mechanisms and association with serious illnesses.
The patients volunteered to be part of an explorative treatment that built on previous findings from the research group in 2014.
"These patients had an excess of a particular antibody in the bloodstream," said Ian Henderson, from the University of Birmingham.
"In contrast to the protective effect normally associated with antibody, in these patients the antibody stopped the immune system killing the Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterium and this worsened the patients' lung disease," said Henderson.
"Perhaps counter-intuitively, we decided to remove this antibody from the bloodstream and the outcomes were wholly positive," said Henderson.
"We used a process known as plasmapheresis that is somewhat like kidney dialysis," said Tony De Soyza, Senior Lecturer at Newcastle University in the UK.
"The plasmapheresis involved the removal, treatment, and return of blood plasma from circulation, and was done 5 times in a week in order to remove antibody from the patients," said De Soyza.
We then replaced antibodies with those from blood donations. This treatment restored the ability for the patients' blood to kill their infecting Pseudomonas," he said.
Both patients reported a rapid improvement in health and wellbeing, greater independence and improved mobility compared to any point in the previous two years.
"This shows that we can improve patient wellbeing significantly, by reducing the need for treatment and the numbers of days spent in hospital, which will also help to reduce the reliance on antibiotics," said Henderson.
The study was published in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine.