Brisk walking may cut the risk of dying from cancer, even in more advanced stages of the disease, research suggests. Two new studies presented at the world's biggest cancer conference show that exercise could be a powerful tool, helping to slow down the disease and cut the risk of death.
Just 25 minutes a day of brisk walking is enough to drive improvements, the research suggests. Following a healthy diet with five portions a day of fruit and vegetables and eating whole grains was also shown to help.
The research, presented at the American Society for Clinical Oncology (ASCO) conference in Chicago, involved patients with bowel and breast cancer. In the first study, 337 women newly diagnosed with breast cancer who had undergone surgery to remove tumours were split into two groups.
For eight months, one group was told to follow an exercise programme of 180 minutes a week of moderate-intensity exercise. The second group received standard care.
Over a typical follow-up of eight years, the results showed that exercise had “clear potential to influence survival”. Those in the exercise group were around half as likely to die as those in the usual care group and less likely to have their disease progress, the study, which has not yet been published in a journal, suggested.
Sandra Haye, senior research fellow at the Queensland University of Technology, who conducted the study, said most women used walking as their most common form of exercise, with some adding resistance training — such as weights or cross trainer — into the mix. She said studies on other cancers, such as bowel and prostate cancer, have also shown a beneficial effect of exercise. “
Engaging in some activity or exercise is better than none, and doing more is generally better than less,” she said.
Baroness Delyth Morgan, chief executive of Breast Cancer Now, said: “These preliminary findings add to the increasing body of evidence suggesting that exercise could improve the chances of survival for people diagnosed with breast cancer. “Crucially, the benefits may also not just be limited to survival. Keeping active may also help patients cope with their treatments better, improving their quality of life and health and wellbeing both during and after treatment.”
In the second study, 992 people with stage three bowel cancer that had begun to spread were assessed twice over seven years for diet and lifestyle.
Researchers looked at how closely people followed American Cancer Society guidelines on nutrition and exercise for people with cancer.
The guidelines recommend patients keep to a healthy weight, exercise at a moderateintensity level for 150 minutes per week and eat healthy food. Processed and red meat should be limited, while people should aim for five portions of fruit and vegetables per day and a diet rich in whole grains.
The study found that compared to those people who adhered least to the guidelines, those who followed them closely had a 42 per cent lower risk of dying and a trend towards better disease-free survival.
The researchers concluded: “(Bowel) cancer patients with a healthy body weight who engaged in physical activity, ate a diet high in whole grains, vegetables, and fruits and low in red/processed meats, and drank moderate alcohol had longer disease-free survival and overall survival than patients who did not engage in these behaviours.”
Erin van Blarigan, associate professor in University of California San Francisco department of epidemiology and biostatistics, who worked on the study, said it was thought that exercise may affect cancer by lowering levels of insulin and insulin resistance. “It appears that high fasting insulin and insulin resistance and chronic inflammation likely contribute to many cancers, as well as other chronic diseases such as heart disease. Doctors absolutely should counsel patients to exercise.”
He said the study showed that three components of the guidelines – healthy body weight, physical activity, and diet – were important. “I would recommend that patients build up to exercising for at least 150 minutes per week,” he said. “Brisk walking is a great exercise for everyone.”
DrVicky Coyle, a Cancer Research UK scientist at Queen’s University Belfast, said: “Patients with advanced bowel cancer could benefit from keeping a healthy weight, being physically active, and eating a healthy diet, as this study suggests. But it can be difficult to tease apart individual lifestyle factors and to see how they could affect bowel cancer survival. Evidence is stronger and more consistent for some lifestyle factors than others, physical activity being one of the stronger links.”
Sarah James, sports nutritionist and health information manager at the World Cancer Research Fund, said: “These exciting findings emphasise the importance of being physically active, not just for preventing cancer but for increasing cancer survival too. “This evidence should encourage all individuals to get more active and it could also support initiatives that help cancer survivors to live more active lifestyles.”
The Independent